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Domestic development on radiation-crosslinked hydrogels in biomedical applications
Ling XU,Hongwei LI,Xiao XU
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
1-10.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060101
Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional, polymeric networks that exhibit good biocompatibility, large water absorption ratios, strong water retention abilities, and the ability to mimic extracellular matrix structures and functions. Therefore, they are suitable for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Radiation techniques are simple, safe, and clean processes that have been employed to prepare high-quality hydrogels, including for mass production. Additionally, these radiation techniques retain biopolymer biocompatibility and ensure that modification and sterilization steps are completed simultaneously; this affords new opportunities for bio-applications. This paper summarizes the current research status of hydrogels in China, including their preparation by radiation technology and their biomedicine applications, and discusses prospective directions for future hydrogel research.
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Central nervous system injury caused by space radiation and radiation protection
Jundong FENG,Yizhou LUO,Hao ZHOU,Xida ZHAO,Huiyao LUO,Wenqian LIU
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
11-20.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060102
Space radiation may be one of the most limiting factors for deep space exploration. Firstly, this paper introduces the sources, types and biological damage effects of space radiation, focusing on the damage effects of space radiation on the central nervous system. Secondly, this paper summarizes the current space radiation protection measures, including physical protection methods and biomedical protection methods, and expounds the basic principles of different protection methods.
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Hot spot analysis on FLASH radiotherapy technology
Yingzi ZHANG,Shengyu YAO,Jiayi CHEN,Yong LIU
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
21-29.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060103
FLASH radiotherapy, as a technology of radiation therapy, is mainly characterized by ultra-high dose rate radiation. Due to the unique characteristic, it has become a hot spot in the field of radiotherapy. This paper summarized the findings of previous studies, including the challenges of clinical applications, the technical complexity, and the possible biological mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy, which are important for clinical decisions.
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Protective effects of Huangqi decoction on heavy ion radiation (12C6+) injury of the rat brain
Chunlu YAN,Fangyu AN,Yongqi LIU,Yun SU,Liying ZHANG,Jiawei Li,Caixia WANG,Tongxiang WANG,Guowen WANG,Menghan LI
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
38-47.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060301
To explore the effect of Huangqi decoction on Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expressions in rat brain tissues irradiated by 12C6+ ion beam, 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups—normal control group, radiation alone model group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose Huangqi decoction groups. After 7 days of routine feeding, rats in the high-, medium-, and low-dose Huangqi decoction groups were administered Huangqi decoction [18 g/(kg·d), 9 g/(kg·d), 4.5 g/(kg·d)] by gavage for 2 weeks . The normal control group and radiation alone group were administered the same volume saline by gavage. From the 7th day, the brain of the rats of the radiation alone model group and high-, medium-, and low-dose Huangqi decoction groups were radiated once by 4Gy 12C6+ ion. The brain of rats in the normal control group were not radiated. The rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (3 mL/kg), and blood was collected from the femoral artery 7 days after irradiation. To calculate the brain coefficient with weighing, pathomorphism changes in the brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling staining, and the apoptosis percentage of nerve cells was calculated. Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 gene expressions in the brain tissues were assessed using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein expressions in the brain tissues were analyzed using western blotting. The body weight and brain coefficient significantly decreased; the apoptosis percentage of nerve cells had evidently increased; the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2 in the brain tissues significantly decreased; the gene and protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in the brain tissues significantly increased in the radiation alone model group (p<0.01). The brain coefficient increased in the medium- and high-dose Huangqi decoction groups; the body weight and the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2 increased significantly in the high-dose group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The apoptosis percentage of nerve cells was evidently declined in the medium- and high-dose Huangqi decoction groups; the gene and protein expressions of Caspase-3 decreased significantly in the medium- and high-dose Huangqi decoction groups; the gene and protein expressions of Bax decreased significantly in the high-dose Huangqi decoction group (p<0.01). The result of histopathologic examination displayed sparse cerebral tissues in the radiation alone model group, with the decreased amount of cells and enlarged interspace, while sparse cerebral tissues, the decreased amount of cells and enlarged interspace were obviously improved, but it did not return to normal. The protective effect of Huangqi decoction against brain injury induced by 12C6+ ion beam radiation is achieved mainly by controlling the up-regulation of Bax and Caspase-3 expressions and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.
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Comparison of the radiation dose for different software versions of Varian cone-beam CT scanning protocols
Chunxia LIU,Juan FU,Yanlong ZHANG,Keqiang WANG,Xin MING,Kewen Ai,Huipeng MENG
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
48-54.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060302
The cumulative radiation dose of multiple cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning cannot be ignored in radiotherapy. It can provide supporting data for the rational use of Varian cone-beam computed tomography in clinical practice by analyzing the radiation dose of different versions of CBCT scanning protocols (V1.4, V1.5 and V1.6). In accordance with the radiation dosimetry method (TG111) recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) 111 working group, an extended phantom (45 cm in length) and a 0.6 cm3 finger ionization chamber were used to perform the radiation dose measurement for different versions of the Varian CBCT system scanning protocols. According to the specifications recommended by TG111, the weighted radiation dose (TG111W) and the normalized radiation dose (nTG111W) of CBCT were calculated. The results showed that the weighted radiation dose of the V1.5 scanning protocol (in both equipment) was higher than that of the other two versions (except the pelvic protocol). The high-quality head protocol of the V1.5 version had the maximum dose (30.06 mGy), and the low-dose head protocol of the V1.4 version had the minimum dose (2.83 mGy). Minor differences were found among the protocols for the results of the normalized radiation dose; the standard-dose head protocol had the maximum difference (1.33 mGy; V1.4 vs. V1.5 (TB)), and the low-dose thorax and pelvic protocols had the minimum difference (0.01 mGy; V1.5 (TB) vs. V1.6).The results suggest that the radiation dose of each version of the scanning protocol is closely related to the parameters such as tube voltage and exposure (the maximum factor) and that frequency of the CBCT scanning needs to be planned reasonably according to the different scanning protocols used in clinical practice.
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Application of γ rays in insecticidal sterilization of document archives
Yi LIANG,Zhaohua TANG,Zhichao ZHU,Xionghou PENG,Hongyan CHEN,Yuejun CHEN
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
55-62.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060401
In this study, the optimal dose of irradiation for insecticidal sterilization was investigated by simulating different doses of γ rays irradiation on paper samples (simulated paper document archives), and the mechanical properties of paper, colors of patterns and handwriting were analyzed. In case of Aspergillus, Bacillus subtilis, tobacco beetle, and ctenolepisma villosa, the killing rate >99.9% was achieved when the absorbed dose was 2 kGy. After aging, the mechanical properties, gutters and ink marks of the samples were kept at least 80% of the original ones, which would not affect the later preservation. In consideration of the effectiveness of insecticidal sterilization, safety of paper document archives, and economics of irradiation services, the absorbed dose of 2 kGy was appropriate for the preservation of document archives.
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Preparation and research of diffusion limitation of Fricke gel dosimeter pellets with core-shell structure
Tangqiang YUAN,Haiqian ZHANG,Kaikai WANG
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
63-70.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060501
A core-shell structured pellet with a physical diffusion-limited layer structure was designed and prepared. A diffused Fricke gel dosimeter was wrapped in a polydimethylsiloxane shell to maximally address the Fe3+ diffusion problem. The preparation process was simple. The core-shell pellets were prepared by using dual microfluidic channels. The experiment is reproducible. The prepared pellets were of an appropriate size and had good morphology. The average diameter of the pellets was approximately 2.90 mm, and the wall thickness was 0.22 mm. The finite-element simulation results of this study demonstrated that this core-shell structure can be used for dose verification.
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Electromagnetic influence of mixed voltagefour-circuit transmission lines on the same tower to pipelines
Tianmeng WANG,Hongdong ZHAO,Haiyan LU,Jiang LIN,Lixin GENG,He LIU
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing. 2020, 38 (6):
71-80.
DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2020.rrj.38.060601
The Power system electromagnetic interference simulation calculation software package CDEGS was used to build Ultra high voltage (UHV) AC transmission line models to simulate AC 1 000 kV single-circuit wine glass tower,1 000 kV double-circuit umbrella-shaped tower, and 1 000 kV/500 kV (the distribution of electromagnetic interference of 220 kV) mixed voltage transmission lines on the same tower to the pipeline. A systematic study was conducted on the different conductor phase sequence arrangement with different operating conditions and different nominal heights of 1 000 kV/500 kV (220 kV) four-circuit mixed voltage transmission line on the same tower. The results showed that the electromagnetic interference of the 1 000 kV/500 kV mixed voltage four-circuit transmission line on the same tower to the pipeline was much smaller than both the 1 000 kV single wine glass transmission line and 1 000 kV double-circuit umbrella-shaped transmission line. Under different operating conditions, the voltage level was more susceptible to the electromagnetic influence of the pipeline compared to the distance of the transmission line from the buried pipeline. A 1 000 kV positive and reverse phase sequence arrangement was more critical than 500 kV (200 kV) phase sequence arrangement. When 1000 kV reverse phase sequence and 500 kV/200 kV in-phase sequence were arranged, the amplitude of induced voltage along the pipeline was found to be the smallest. The results have important practical engineering significance for the UHV transmission project and for the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines. Moreover, the results can provide a certain reference for related engineering designs.
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